in
Santa Barbara by Captain Fred Benko,
Santa Barbara Condor Express
Whales and islands, it’s a fabulous wildlife experience.
The Whale Seasons
by Nancy Black
Marine Biologist, Monterey Whale Watch Center
Monterey Bay, a spectacular place to view a diversity of whales, dolphins, and
porpoise at any time of year. It’s renowned as a destination for people
from throughout the world who want to experience the wonders of these
magnificent and intelligent creatures. Monterey Bay may look like a
little blip along the coast in the big picture but even though it’s a
relatively small area the Bay is a feeding location and migration path
for up to 26 different species of marine mammals. What makes this area
so special is its location along the coast within a major upwelling
zone (area of high productivity) and its bathymetric features,
primarily the deep submarine canyon that bisects the Bay.
Located along the central California coast, Monterey Bay contains the
largest and deepest submarine canyon in North America and it's one of
the few canyons that bisects the coastline so close to shore. This
allows deep-water species of marine mammals and seabirds to be found
relatively nearshore and accessible for day whale watches. This region
is extremely productive and rich biologically due to coastal upwelling
and bathymetric features. Monterey Bay's continental shelf and
Submarine Canyon support a variety of habitats with one of the highest
diversities of marine mammals in the world. Monterey Bay is part of the
Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and one of the few places in the
world where whale watching is conducted year-round.
As winter approaches, Californians look forward to one of the most
spectacular animal migrations known, the yearly trek of over 23,000
Gray Whales from their feeding grounds in the Bering Sea to their
breeding grounds off Baja California and back again. After being hunted
to the brink of extinction twice, the Gray Whale population rebounded
successfully enough and was removed from the endangered species list.
The Gray Whales migrate in shallow nearshore waters and in some
locations their distant blows are easily visible from shore. Monterey
Bay is one of the best places to view these whales as they are most
concentrated and migrate closer to shore here than other places along
their migration. Whale watching from boats has become very popular in
Monterey and along the California coast. People of all ages are
thrilled to spot pods of whales as they blow several times at the
surface then raise their flukes high out of the water before their 3-5
minute dive.
As the last Gray Whales head north in the spring, the first Humpback
Whales of the season arrive to Monterey and other areas along the
California coast to spend the summer and fall feeding on tons of
anchovies, sardines, and krill. Humpback Whales are one of the most
curious and acrobatic of all the whales and often exhibit "friendly"
behavior toward whale watching boats. Historically, Humpback Whales
were heavily hunted in Monterey Bay during the whaling era. The
Humpbacks were nearly all killed off and were finally protected in the
early 70's, and now number just over 1,000 whales in the population off
California. Each year, more and more whales are coming back to Monterey
Bay to feed as their population has doubled in the last 15 years.
Richard Ternullo, captain and biologist with Monterey Bay Whale Watch
commented, " I grew up fishing in Monterey Bay and have worked here for
30 years running natural history and whale watching trips. Last spring
I was awestruck to see over 100 Humpback Whales gorging themselves on
sardines and anchovies in the Bay. We even had whales herding fish next
to our boat with up to five whales lunging up through the surface
simultaneously with their mouths wide open to engulf the fish. I've
noticed the change over the years, from rarely seeing whales to now, watching them in abundance."
A few months after the Humpback Whales arrive to Monterey Bay, the
largest animal ever to live on earth, the majestic Blue Whale can be
found feeding along the steep Submarine Canyon on swarms of krill, a
small shrimp like animal, throughout the summer and fall. Blue Whales
were also heavily hunted and like the Humpback and Gray Whale appear to
be slowly recovering off the California coast. Other populations of
Blue Whales in other areas are not fairing so well. The waters off
California are the best place in the world to see Blue Whales. Just to
sight a Blue Whale is a once in a lifetime experience for many people.
They can reach lengths of over 90' and 200 tons, and need to eat about
4 tons of krill or 40 million individual krill a day!
In addition to the whales, thousands of dolphins and porpoise of eight
species frolic and feed in Monterey Bay and surrounding waters
year-round. Killer Whales, the top predator, and probably the most
intelligent of all the whales and dolphins, cruise along the coast
periodically in search of marine mammal prey. This "transient"
population of Killer Whales frequents the edges of Monterey's Canyon,
and range widely from southern California to Alaska. Never staying in
one place for long, they work by stealth and often catch their prey by
surprise. During the northern migration (April/May) of Gray Whale
cow/calf pairs, the Gray Whales must cross the deep canyon whereas
normally they would be in shallow waters. It is in the deep-water
habitat of the Monterey Canyon where Killer Whales are in search of
Gray Whale calves. Killer Whales travel in family groups and work
together to hunt the Gray Whale, often teaching their calves the
successful techniques that will enable the young Killer Whales to catch
their own food in the future.
Luckily, whales are now more valuable to watch than kill, and thousands
of whale watchers flock to see their antics year-round in Monterey Bay.
For more information about these magnificent animals and to track daily
sightings of whales and dolphins in Monterey Bay, look at Monterey Bay
Whale Watch’s website at www.gowhales.com.